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People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are 29 times (26-31) more likely to develop tuberculosis (TB) disease as people without HIV and living in the same country. TB is a leading cause of death among people living with HIV, accounting for one in five HIV-related deaths globally. As a corollary, one in four TB deaths globally were associated with HIV in 2013. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the package of interventions collectively called “collaborative TB/HIV activities” since 2004. There has been significant progress in global implementation of this package, which contributed to an estimated 1.3 million lives saved between 2005 and 2011.

Ongoing monitoring of implementation and scale-up of collaborative TB/HIV activities and evaluation of their impact is critically important. This requires an effective and efficient monitoring and evaluation system. National programmes and other stakeholders need to demonstrate how they are progressing towards their goals and whether they are failing. Effective monitoring and evaluation facilitates establishment of accountability mechanisms between programmes, the population they serve, and donors. The Guide to monitoring and evaluation for collaborative TB/HIV activities aims to facilitate this process.

The first version of the Guide to monitoring and evaluation for collaborative TB/HIV activities was developed in 2004 and sought to place collaborative TB/HIV activities as an integral part of national and international TB/HIV responses. The guide was revised in 2009. This revision helped to harmonize the approach to and indicators for monitoring and evaluation for collaborative TB/HIV activities across key stakeholders, including the United States  President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the Global Fund). It also proposed reduction of the overall number of monitoring indicators from 20 to 13. The current revision of the monitoring and evaluation guide builds on the remarkable progress made in the implementation of collaborative TB/HIV activities globally and the experiences garnered in monitoring and evaluation of these activities. It aims to further strengthen implementation of activities and improve quality of care.