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Global efforts to scale up antiretroviral therapy (ART) between 2002 and 2012 averted an estimated 4.2 million deaths in low-income and middle-income countries. The United Nations endorsed the importance of this impact and agreed to scale up ART to 15 million people by 2015. In 2012, 9.7 million (65% of the global target) were receiving ART [1]. Antiretroviral therapy also has an important impact on HIV transmission. Accelerating population impact will require adaptations in the delivery of HIV care and treatment tailored to epidemiological, social, and health systems context.