This manual aims to contribute to the comprehensive response to HIV, TB and drug use and support linkages between HIV prevention, TB control and harm reduction strategies and services in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It compiles clinical and programmatic information about TB, HIV and ...

Resistance to tuberculosis (TB) drugs is a formidable obstacle to effective TB care and prevention globally. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is multifactorial and fuelled by improper treatment of patients, poor management of supply and quality of drugs, and airborne transmission of bacteria in public places. Case ...

Globally the commitment to eliminate mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) of HIV and congenital syphilis (CS) has been strengthening. In June 2011-12 a Global Plan towards the Elimination of New HIV Infections Among Children and Keeping Their Mothers Alive was launched by a coalition of partners led ...

WHO guidelines on the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection provide a public health approach for scaling up HIV care and treatment programmes and focus on simplified, harmonized and effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens for use in resource-limited settings. In ...

In 2013, WHO released new treatment recommendations that expand the number of people eligible for treatment. The groups newly eligible for treatment include the following: all HIV-infected pregnant women, HIV-infected adults with hepatitis B infection and severe liver disease, serodiscordant couples, adults with CD4þ T-cell ...

Efavirenz is one of the most widely used nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) and is recommended as a preferred option in adult treatment guidelines. However, data from primate studies and some human case reports have raised concern regarding a association ...

People who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). HIV further increases the risk of developing TB, with TB being a leading cause of mortality among PWID who live with HIV. Much of the evidence relates to TB among PWID; however, people ...

Global efforts to scale up antiretroviral therapy (ART) between 2002 and 2012 averted an estimated 4.2 million deaths in low-income and middle-income countries. The United Nations endorsed the importance of this impact and agreed to scale up ART to 15 million people by 2015. In ...

Aims of the new WHO HTS guidelines Addressing the testing gap Getting testing out intocommunities Supporting better linkage Better focus and appropriate targeting Improving quality to prevent misdiagnosis

The optimal timing for initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in individuals infected with HIV-1 has not yet been resolved. The US Department of Health and Human Services and the International Antiviral Society – USA recommend starting ART as close to diagnosis as possible. France and Brazil ...

The 2013 ‘Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection’, released in July 2013, are the latest and most comprehensive of a series of important guidelines on antiretroviral therapy (ART) over the last decade from the World Health ...

With this update of the consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection, WHO, for the first time, recommends that all people living with HIV be provided with antiretroviral therapy (ART). This will bring us one step closer to ...

The second edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretrovirals (ARVs) updates the 2013 edition following an extensive review of evidence undertaken in 2015. Experience from country programmes, consultations with communities and modelling of potential impact have informed the ...

These consolidated guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the care of people living with HIV and the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection. They are structured along the continuum of HIV testing, care and ...

Objective: The objective was to evaluate community and healthcare worker (HCW) values and preferences on key topics to inform the development of the 2013 WHO consolidated guidelines for antiretroviral therapy in low and middle income countries. Design: Cross-sectional e-survey and e-forum discussion; focus group discussions (FGDs) Methods: ...

In June 2013, the WHO released consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretrovirals (ARVs) . The launch of these new guidelines is another milestone in the global endeavor toward universal access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) using the public health approach, pursuing the dual advantage of ...

By the end of 2012, the number of people receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in low and middle-income countries reached 9.7 million, including 7.2 million in sub-Saharan Africa. The bad news is that these figures represent only 65% of the global target of 15 million people ...