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The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 10.4 million persons developed tuberculosis (TB) worldwide in 2016, corresponding to a global incidence of 140 TB cases per 100 000
population. Of those who developed TB, 1.0 million cases (10%) occurred among persons living with HIV. The worldwide total for 2016 also included 490 000 cases of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and 110 000 cases of rifampicinresistant TB (RR-TB), needing the same second-line treatment regimen. In the same year, 1.67 million deaths were caused by TB, including 374 000 among persons living with HIV and nearly 240 000 among patients with MDR-TB or RR- TB.1 These numbers make TB the top infectious killer worldwide, well above the number of deaths from HIV/AIDS or malaria, and one of the top 10 causes of deaths in 2016.