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Despite decreases in the rate of spread in the last decade, the number of new HIV diagnoses in Europe continues to increase, and by 2011, reached over 1.2 million individuals, with over half a million diagnoses reported in the last five years. Between 2006 and 2010, there have been an average of 127 new diagnoses each year per million people in Europe. Our review of national case reports indicates that the continuing increase in new HIV cases in Europe is fuelled by epidemics in the East. Whereas, an average of 74 and 11 new diagnoses per million were reported in the West and Centre between 2006 and 2010, there were 273 per million people in the East. In this time period, new diagnoses have been relatively stable in the West and Centre, but increasing (by around 30%) in the East, with the highest rates of new diagnoses in Estonia, Russian Federation and Ukraine. The proportion of cases among women are declining in the West and Centre, but remain consistent in the East (at 41%).